Accidente vascular cerebral y lesión medular inducidos por el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en la adicción a las drogas: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/1009Palabras clave:
Impacto Neurológico, Lésion Medular, Sustancia Psicoactiva, Addicción a las drogas, Transtorno por consumo de sustanciasResumen
Introducción: El abuso de sustancias impacta la vida de las personas, sin embargo, los efectos neurológicos del abuso de sustancias psicoactivas no se comprenden bien. Método: Esta revisión sistemática, siguiendo los estándares PRISMA, responde a la pregunta: "¿Cuáles son los efectos neurológicos específicos y las comorbilidades resultantes del uso de varias sustancias psicoactivas en el abuso de sustancias?" Resultados: Se revisaron 330 artículos de EBSCO, Web of Science y PubMed, seleccionando trece para análisis detallado. Estimulantes, opioides, alucinógenos y cannabis están asociados con accidentes cerebrovasculares. La pureza, tipo, vía de administración y uso terapéutico de la droga influyen en los riesgos y tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares. El abuso de sustancias aumenta el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular, llevando a mayor mortalidad, discapacidad y dependencia funcional. Las lesiones medulares están vinculadas al uso de opioides, alcohol, cannabis, metanfetaminas, benzodiacepinas, cocaína y catinonas sintéticas. Conclusiones: Esta investigación profundiza la comprensión de los efectos neurológicos de sustancias psicoactivas en la adicción, particularmente la incidencia de lesiones medulares y accidentes cerebrovasculares. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad urgente de una atención integrada que aborde tanto el abuso de sustancias como las condiciones neurológicas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Diana Moreira, Celina Pereira, Marta Cruz, Paulo C. Dias, Ângela Leite
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