Una intervención multicomponente de enfermería para dejar de fumar: atención plena y consejo breve
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https://doi.org/10.21134/738Palabras clave:
atención plena, consejo breve, dejar de fumar, tabaquismo, autoeficaciaResumen
Introducción. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de una intervención multicomponente de enfermería utilizando atención plena y consejo breve para la reducción del consumo de tabaco, la ansiedad, el estrés, los síntomas depresivos y la mejora de la autoeficacia. Método. El diseño fue cuasiexperimental con 41 participantes, y el tratamiento consistió en una intervención compuesta por dos estrategias: el protocolo “Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes que Inician Consumo de Alcohol y otras Drogas” para el consejo breve, mientras que el programa de Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness se utilizó para la atención plena. La intervención tuvo una duración de 10 sesiones semanales con una duración de aproximada de entre 60 y 90 minutos. Los participantes recibieron llamadas telefónicas, y se les entregó un CD de audio para realizar las prácticas de atención plena en casa y un manual de trabajo para realizar auto registros de consumo, así como orientación para ayudar a mantener la motivación al cambio de comportamiento. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que estas intervenciones fueron herramientas efectivas para reducir la dependencia a la nicotina (p=.001, d=1.14), el número de cigarrillos fumados (p=.001, d=1.60), los niveles de cotinina en orina (p=.001), el estrés (p=.001, d=1.42), la ansiedad (p=.001, d=.90) y los síntomas depresivos (p=.001, d=.81), y aumentar la autoeficacia (p=.001, d=1.48). Conclusión. Los hallazgos muestran que una intervención de enfermería multicomponente que incorpore consejo breve y atención plena puede ser un tratamiento eficaz para las personas que desean reducir o dejar de consumir tabaco.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Diana Aracely Almaraz Castruita, Marcos Arnoldo Tellez Ramos , Maria Magdalena Alonso Castilo , Arnoldo Tellez Lopez, Karla Selene López García , Teresa de Jesus Sánchez Jauregui , Pedro Arturo Valdez Tamez
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