EFECTOS DEL CONSUMO DE COCAÍNA EN EL FUNCIONAMIENTO COGNITIVO EN PERSONAS CON VIH: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
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Adicción a la cocaína, VIH, Disfunción cognitivaResumen
Introducción. La cocaína es una droga altamente adictiva que genera daños en el funcionamiento cognitivo. De manera similar, el VIH también se ha asociado con afectaciones cognitivas. Además, el consumo de cocaína es más frecuente en personas con VIH que en la población en general. En este contexto, la presente revisión busca analizar los efectos del consumo de cocaína en el funcionamiento cognitivo de personas diagnosticadas con el VIH. Método. Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA y la búsqueda de literatura se realizó en PubMed, Scopus y PsycInfo. Fueron seleccionados y revisados 15 artículos, todos casos y controles. Resultados. Los artículos refieren el uso de pruebas neurocognitivas y/o técnicas de neuroimagen y sus hallazgos evidencian un efecto aditivo y, en otros casos sinérgico, del consumo de cocaína sobre el sistema cognitivo. Entre los dominios más perjudicados resaltan la memoria verbal y las funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo y toma de decisiones). Asimismo, tanto las regiones corticales como subcorticales presentan daños. Por último, las personas con la carga viral suprimida y los que se encuentran en abstinencia muestran un mejor rendimiento cognitivo. Conclusiones. La cocaína tiene efectos negativos en el funcionamiento cognitivo de las personas con VIH, por lo que tratar esta adicción y lograr la adherencia al tratamiento con antirretrovirales puede disminuir los déficits.
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