Trastorno por estrés postraumático y trastorno por uso de sustancias entre adolescentes: Autoestigma y perspectiva de género

Anna Robert Segarra

doi:10.21134/999

Autores/as

Anna Robert Segarra Psicológa clínica. Benito Menni CASM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21134/999

Palabras clave:

trauma, adolescents, self-stigma, substance use disorders, gender perspective

Resumen

Después de un acontecimiento traumático, las personas pueden tener una variedad de reacciones. La mayoría de personas superarán estos síntomas, pero es posible que algunas continúen teniéndolos pasado un tiempo, y cumplan criterios para un diagnóstico de trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT).

EL TEPT, por su definición, supone un problema de regulación emocional y conductual. Existen recuerdos intrusivos (o reviviscencias) que la persona procura evitar (o disociar), con un incremento de la hipervigilancia y la reactividad a estímulos que recuerdan al trauma, además de síntomas cognitivos y alteraciones del estado de ánimo. En clave de género, el diagnóstico de TEPT se ha asociado de 2 a 3 veces más al género femenino, tanto por cuestiones de regulación fisiológica, como por factores sociales y psicológicos (Olff, 2017).

Las estrategias poco adaptativas que la persona adopta para afrontar el estrés suponen una disregulación emocional, que está muy en relación con la presencia de problemas de salud mental y adicciones, tal y como desarrolla recientemente Latorre (2024) en una editorial de esta revista.

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